EPORT
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
's "God machine", with record
The LHC, hadron collider more powerful in the world, was taken to an acceleration level ever, according to the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). "The LHC will be made today (yesterday) in the most powerful particle accelerator, after two waves of protons accelerated to an energy of 1.18 TeV (tera)," said a CERN statement, which exploits the physical instrument with the aim of revealing the secrets of creation of the universe. So far, the record was one of its competitors, Fermilab in Chicago, which achieved a speed of 0.98 TeV in 2001. The LHC, buried 100 meters outside Geneva, which cost 3,760 million euros, was put back up on Friday after 14 months standing by defects arising shortly after being launched with great pomp on 10 September 2008.01,12,09
BIG CHALLENGES OF THE FIRST DELIVERY SCIENCE: HOW THE UNIVERSE formed and evolved?
We know what the future of the cosmos, but not how it started
The Universe is expanding and in a few billion years galaxies are further away from each other. The sun will go out earlier. But how was the origin of everything? Knowing is a real scientific challenge.
When the first man raised his eyes and wondered what lay beyond began one of the most exciting adventure of knowledge. The answer was never the same. Changed as was increasing his powers of observation and understanding. Just 100 years ago it was thought that the universe was formed by a single galaxy, our Milky Way. Today, thanks to satellites and ground and space telescopes mega-known that, in reality, its observable part covers 100,000 million galaxies, each with 100,000 million stars (as the Sun), a third of them with Earth-like planets revolving around it. And they also know their age, 13,700 million years. Both are known to even have an idea about their future. But its origin, and news. This is one of the challenges of science.
"We know that, at this time, the universe is expanding. But it is very difficult to find evidence of what happened in the beginning because it had a very hot period. Look at how to analyze extinct animals: one tries to find ancient fossils . And that infernal heat period was like a big fire that burned all the fossils, "says Juan Maldacena, a physicist Argentine brilliant mind who teaches at Princeton University, USA.
investigate mode then key focuses, then, to analyze the remains closer to that time on fire. "Today is detected faint and diluted radiation that pervades the cosmos and is the 'fossil' of the intense radiation and concentrated original universe," says Robert Venero, an astronomer at the observatory of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Ie trying to see beyond what is captured is a radiation "fossil" from the past. In fact, the oldest was able to see from the time when the universe was 300,000 years. All this, says Maldacena, "Burned."
is not easy to make a prediction on how investigations should be made to find an answer. It is as if we know about where we as individuals and I will only observe our evolution (our age). We could draw conclusions, but not complete. The subject of the origin of the universe is, in all settings I can think of the most difficult, "says Diego García Lambas, Patricia Tissera who with-both from the University of Cordoba cosmologist working with Simon White, director Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany.
White himself has also his doubts: "All we have is a possible idea for the origin of the visible universe, but is not fully developed. We only know what happened in a period known as inflation."
Despite the obstacles, the scientific community insists on the analysis of archaic images. "The relic radiation of the universe, detected by microwave radar and satellites, as were the Bells antennas Laboratories, The COBE satellite, today WMAP, Planck and the recently released" is like a window into your home, both for the theory to observation "describes Norma Sanchez, a physical Argentina, Director of Research of the National Center Scientific Research, the prestigious CNRS.
Images "fossil" missing in the album of the universe are not, however, the only drawback to reveal its source. There is also a problem of "language." To study the case that initial moment you can not use the laws governing the universe today: other tools are needed to understand it. "There are several theories that seek to approach this case scenario. They are those who try to amalgamate properly Einstein's general relativity and quantum mechanics, the two major theoretical frameworks of twentieth century physics," says cosmologist Alexander Gangui, CONICET . In other words, we need a unifying theory. "To describe the origin and early evolution of the universe, we need to know physics to higher levels. Some energies are higher than those that could study the Large Hadron Collider (LHC or 'God machine')," added Hector Vega , the French CNRS. Conclusion: do not know how to study these energies.
What is known is the model that explains what would have happened shortly after its genesis: "The Big Bang is a set of theories that attempt to describe how it happened that gave rise to what we observe around us and the evolution of the universe as a whole (see graphic), "explains Gabriel Bengoechea, the Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics.
What role play the" God machine ", mentioned by De Vega?" The LHC is a particle accelerator designed to collide heavy ions and protons circulating in opposite directions in a ring 27 km in circumference, with unprecedented energy. These very high energy densities can recreate, on a microscopic scale, the conditions a few fractions of a second after the Big Bang. That contributes to the understanding of how it evolved into the present, "says Maria Teresa Dova, a physical Argentina working on the Large Hadron Collider, built at the border between France and Switzerland.
While scientific machinery tries to solve the riddle, theories about how the Cosmos outbreaks continue to emerge as the most striking primavera.Una says, is actually a multiverse, a conglomeration of mini universes.
Do you know at some point it all began? "In the history of science, things that seemed impossible were relatively simple to understand. For example, the structure of atoms. The universe was much easier to describe when he was 1 second of existence. It is possible that once we understand how to describe it even easier, Judgement Juan Maldacena. 08,11,09 Clarin
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